Field Sequential Color LCD-TVs and Monitors

Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary 5
    1.1.     Overview of this Report 5
    1.2.     Primary Conclusions 6
2 Introduction 7
3 AMLCD Monitors - The State Of The Art 9
    3.1.     Performance and Key Operating Characteristics 9
        3.1.1         Resolution 11
        3.1.2         Contrast 11
        3.1.3         Response Time and Motion Artifacts 11
        3.1.4         Viewing Angle 12
        3.1.5         Brightness 12
        3.1.6         Power Dissipation / Efficiency 12
        3.1.7         Cost 13
    3.2.     Architectures and Approaches 13
        3.2.1         Color Filters 13
        3.2.2         LC Cell 14
            3.2.2.1             Twisted Nematic (TN) LCD 15
            3.2.2.1             Vertically Aligned Nematic (VAN) LCD 16
            3.2.2.2             In-Plane Switching (IPS) LCD 17
        3.2.3         Backlight 18
        3.2.4         Architectures for Mitigation of Motion Artifacts 21
    3.3.     Summary - Spatial Color Monitors 24
4 Field Sequential Color Monitors 25
    4.1.     Introduction 25
    4.2.     FSC Operating Principles and Issues 25
        4.2.1         Color-Sequential Backlight 26
        4.2.2         AMLCD Addressing and Timing 27
        4.2.3         Motion Artifacts and Color Breakup 28
    4.3.     FSC Architectures and Approaches 30
        4.3.1         Fast LCD Technologies 30
            4.3.1.1             VAN (microdisplays) 30
            4.3.1.2             Ferroelectric LCDs 30
            4.3.1.3             Optically Compensated Bend (OCB) LCD 31
        4.3.2         FSC Backlight Architectures 33
    4.4.     Recent FSC Activities and Demonstrations 35
        4.4.1         Samsung 35
        4.4.2         Toshiba 36
        4.4.3         AU Optronics Corp (AUO) 36
        4.4.4         Chunghwa Picture Tubes (CPT) 36
        4.4.5         HDT 37
5 Summary - FSC vs Spatial Color 38
    5.1.     Performance Trades 38
    5.2.     Cost Trades 39
    5.3.     Power / Weight Trades 41
    5.4.     Risks / Concerns 41
        5.4.1         OCB LCD technology 41
        5.4.2         Backlight cost / complexity 42
        5.4.3         Image quality 43
        5.4.4         Refresh rate 43
    5.5.     Development Roadmap 44
Table of Figures
Figure 1: A half-century of field-sequential color 8
Figure 2: Spatial Color AMLCDs have Limited Transmittance 12
Figure 3: AMLCD Using Stripe Color Filter Mosaic 14
Figure 4: AMLCD Color Filters each transmit selective portions of backlight spectrum 14
Figure 5: Non-uniform Tilt Orientation Causes Visible Artifacts 15
Figure 6: Twisted Nematic (TN) LCD 16
Figure 7: Multidomain Vertical Aligned LCD (MVA) 16
Figure 8: In-Plane Switching LCD (IPS) 17
Figure 9: AMLCD Backlight Architectures 20
Figure 10: Backlight Timing 23
Figure 11: Field Sequential Color Image Generation 26
Figure 12: FSC Timing Requirements 27
Figure 13: Optically Compensated Bend (OCB) LCD 32
Figure 14: Toshiba 32-inch Spatial Color OCB AMLCD 33
Figure 15: FSC Scanning Backlight 34
Figure 16: Lightguide Structure for FSC Scanning Backlight 34
Figure 17: Samsung 32-in FSC Display (ca 2005) 35
Figure 18: Mitigating Motion Artifacts with OCB Television (CPT) 37
Figure 19: HDT Flight Information Display 37
Table of Tables
Table 1: Large Screen LCD Television and Monitor Performance 10
Table 2: Notebook PC Displays 10
Table 3: LC Operating Modes and Suppliers 18
Table 4: Some Solid State Monitor Backlights 21
Table 5: Comparing Four AMLCD Monitors 38
Table 6: Cost Comparison Spatial Color vs. FSC 40
Table 7: Development Roadmap 46

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